Answer:

Liver enzymes are proteins produced by liver cells that participate in metabolism and detoxification. There are four main types of liver enzymes: ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), and GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase).

Low liver enzyme levels occur when one or more of these enzymes test below the normal range. This can be caused by several factors, including nutritional deficiencies, liver diseases (such as end-stage cirrhosis and liver atrophy), chronic kidney disease, and metabolic disorders like hypothyroidism. Other factors such as drinking too much water (causing diluted blood), prolonged corticosteroid use, older age (enzyme activity decreases with age), and gene variations related to the enzymes can also lead to low enzyme levels.

Doctor Hoa examining a patient. Illustrative photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Low liver enzyme levels alone are usually not dangerous. However, if they persist, are accompanied by symptoms like fatigue and weakness, or occur alongside underlying diseases, they can be a sign of an underlying medical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Depending on the cause, doctors may recommend specific treatments such as addressing the root cause of the condition, nutritional supplementation, and lifestyle changes. These lifestyle changes can include increased physical activity, sufficient sleep, stress management, and limiting alcohol, tobacco, and processed foods.

Patients should have regular liver function tests (every 3–6 months) to monitor enzyme levels and assess treatment effectiveness. You should take your mother to see a doctor for a checkup to determine the cause of her low liver enzyme levels and receive appropriate treatment.

Dr. Huynh Thi Thuy Hoa, MD.

Department of Gastroenterology - Hepatology - Pancreatology

District 7 General Clinic