Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, which impacts metabolism and brain function. However, symptoms of this nutrient deficiency are often mistaken for other health issues.

Facial and eye swelling

Persistent swelling around the face and eyes can indicate iodine deficiency. Low levels of this nutrient can disrupt fluid balance in the body, leading to unexpected swelling in areas like the face and eyes.

Hoarseness or a lump in the throat

A persistent sensation of a lump in the throat or unexplained hoarseness can be a sign of an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter).

Irregular heartbeat

A fluttering sensation or an irregular heartbeat can sometimes indicate iodine deficiency. Thyroid hormones, which rely on iodine, play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy heart rhythm. Without sufficient iodine, the heart may struggle to maintain a stable rhythm.

Unexplained mood swings or irritability

While emotional ups and downs are a part of life, iodine deficiency can affect brain chemistry, leading to mood changes.

Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

Unusual tingling or numbness in the hands and feet can be an easily overlooked sign of iodine deficiency. Low thyroid hormone levels can slow nerve function, causing this discomfort.

Menstrual irregularities in women

For women, iodine deficiency may manifest as irregular periods, prolonged bleeding, or even difficulty conceiving. Iodine plays a crucial role in reproductive health by ensuring proper thyroid function, which is closely linked to hormonal balance.

Slow wound healing

Individuals with iodine deficiency often experience slower healing of cuts, scrapes, or bruises. Poor thyroid function due to insufficient iodine can impair the body's recovery processes, making healing slower than usual.

Pregnant women have an increased need for iodine, as it is essential for fetal development. Using iodized salt can help ensure maternal and infant health, reducing the risk of pregnancy complications. Iodine-deficient pregnant women may face a higher risk of miscarriage and lower birth weight. Insufficient iodine in children also affects cognitive function and lowers IQ.

Daily iodine requirements vary based on age and health status. Adults typically need about 150 mcg, while pregnant women require more, around 220 mcg of iodine daily.

Le Nguyen (Source: *Times of India*)