Master, Doctor Tran Quoc Viet, from the Cardiology Department at Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi, stated that northern Vietnam is transitioning from autumn to winter, marked by erratic temperature changes. This period often sees blood pressure fluctuations, particularly in older adults or individuals with hypertension.

This phenomenon is attributed to the direct impact of temperature fluctuations on blood vessels. In cold conditions, blood vessels constrict to conserve body heat, leading to increased peripheral resistance and a subsequent rise in blood pressure. Conversely, warmer temperatures cause blood vessels to dilate, resulting in a decrease in average blood pressure. Rapid or erratic temperature shifts can therefore trigger noticeable blood pressure fluctuations.

Furthermore, temperature shifts activate two crucial blood pressure regulatory systems: the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). During cold weather, the sympathetic system intensifies its activity, promoting vasoconstriction and the retention of salt and water, which elevates blood pressure. This response is particularly evident in older individuals, those with less elastic blood vessels, or patients currently on blood pressure medication.

Older adults or those with multiple underlying conditions should monitor their blood pressure more frequently at home during seasonal transitions. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital.*

Beyond temperature, environmental factors like atmospheric pressure, humidity, and air pollution also influence blood pressure. During the autumn-to-winter transition, the risk of contracting flu and common colds often rises as changing temperatures and humidity make it harder for the body to adapt. Moreover, increased time spent indoors, in enclosed and poorly ventilated spaces, facilitates virus transmission. Infections, fever, or dehydration can easily trigger blood pressure changes.

Seasonal lifestyle adjustments also play a significant role. Extreme cold or heat often leads to reduced physical activity, an increased intake of salty or fatty foods, and modest weight gain, all of which can contribute to elevated blood pressure.

To manage blood pressure during seasonal transitions, doctors advise several key practices. Firstly, ensure your body and living spaces remain warm by dressing in layers and maintaining room temperatures above 18 degrees C, if possible, to minimize cold-induced vasoconstriction. Secondly, maintain a regular routine, engage in suitable physical activity, reduce salt intake, ensure adequate hydration, and avoid sudden cold baths. Finally, individuals undergoing treatment for hypertension must not independently discontinue or adjust their medication dosage based on perceived changes in blood pressure. All medication adjustments require direct consultation with a doctor, especially when seasonal blood pressure fluctuations occur.

Older adults and individuals with multiple underlying conditions should schedule regular check-ups and diligently monitor their blood pressure at home during critical seasonal changes. Patients should meticulously record any symptoms, such as dizziness, chest pain, or shortness of breath, along with their blood pressure readings, in a logbook or tracking application. This detailed information will enable doctors to make precise assessments.

Ly Nguyen