Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where blood clots form in deep veins, typically in the legs. Cold weather often leads to reduced physical activity, slowing blood circulation and increasing the risk of clot formation. Additionally, air pollution during colder months can trigger inflammatory responses and platelet activation, further contributing to a higher risk of blood clotting disorders.

High blood pressure

Blood pressure readings can fluctuate seasonally, often rising in winter due to lower temperatures, a sedentary lifestyle, and reduced vitamin D synthesis. Untreated high blood pressure is often called a "silent killer" because it can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart failure, and chronic kidney failure. Sustained high blood pressure can damage the vascular system, potentially resulting in disability or death.

Heart failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart weakens, losing its ability to pump enough blood to meet the body's oxygen demands. Low temperatures cause blood vessels to constrict, increasing the heart's workload and potentially leading to fluid buildup in the lungs. During winter, individuals with chronic heart failure often find it harder to stay active or exercise. Factors such as high blood pressure, vitamin D deficiency, flu viruses, and air pollution can also worsen the condition.

Ventricular arrhythmia

Ventricular arrhythmia refers to a group of dangerous heart rhythm disorders caused by abnormal electrical impulses originating from the ventricles, leading to a very fast or chaotic heartbeat. Cold winter weather can increase the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. If not detected and treated promptly, ventricular arrhythmia can result in serious complications like heart failure, fainting, or myocardial ischemia due to reduced blood flow.

Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a type of heart rhythm disorder that significantly increases the risk of stroke. This condition tends to occur more frequently during colder months, particularly in older adults and individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease or hypertension.

To protect cardiovascular health during winter, individuals should keep their bodies warm, especially the chest, hands, and feet, and limit outdoor exposure in extremely cold weather. Maintain a habit of drinking enough warm water, eating plenty of green vegetables, fish, and lean meat, and engaging in light physical activity for about 30 minutes daily. Effectively managing blood pressure and weight also helps reduce strain on the heart.

By Le Nguyen (According to WebMD, Times of India)