Response:

Vestibular disorder is a condition characterized by dysfunction of the vestibular system in the inner ear and brain. Common symptoms include: dizziness, vertigo, loss of balance, tinnitus, and nausea. The condition often recurs, significantly affecting work and quality of life if not properly diagnosed and treated.

Before establishing a treatment plan, doctors conduct examinations and order necessary diagnostic tests, such as vestibular function tests and imaging (CT or MRI scans), to rule out serious underlying conditions and determine the cause.

A technician examines a patient for vestibular disorder. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital.

Vestibular disorder is categorized into two main types: central vestibular disorder and peripheral vestibular disorder.

Central vestibular disorder originates from brain lesions, particularly in the cerebellum, brainstem, or neural pathways. Common causes include: brain stroke, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and central nervous system infections.

Peripheral vestibular disorder stems from issues in the inner ear or the vestibular nerve. Common causes include: dislodged otoliths (canalithiasis), labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis, Meniere’s disease, inner ear trauma, or intoxication.

Treatment approaches are divided into three main categories: treating the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and vestibular rehabilitation. Addressing the underlying cause is crucial for limiting future recurrence. Doctors focus on resolving conditions that trigger vestibular disorder, such as cerebrovascular disease, infections, or inner ear damage.

For symptom management, patients may use prescribed medications to control their condition and prevent complications. Two commonly used drug groups are those that alleviate dizziness and those that enhance blood circulation to the brain. If medication or other therapies are not effective, surgery may be considered.

For vestibular disorder caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), also known as dislodged otoliths, doctors typically perform canalith repositioning maneuvers. This method involves a specific sequence of head rotations and positional changes to guide the displaced crystals in the inner ear back to their original location. The use of a vestibular rehabilitation system (TRV) is also effective in such cases.

In addition to medical treatment, patients should adopt a healthy lifestyle: ensure seven to eight hours of sleep daily, consume nutritious food, drink plenty of water, limit stimulants, exercise regularly, and manage stress. It is crucial not to self-medicate or attempt exercises or folk remedies without a doctor's guidance, as this could prolong or worsen the condition.

Master, Doctor Nguyen Chi Trung

Head and Neck Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, Ha Noi