Nguyen Thi Khoi, a Case Manager at Hagar International in Vietnam with nearly 20 years of experience supporting those affected by domestic violence, sexual abuse, and human trafficking, believes that sex education is crucial for preventing child sexual abuse.

"It's not about a specific 'golden age.' It's something that needs to be done every day, at every age," she said.

Before children can grasp educational activities designed to protect them from sexual abuse, caregivers (those directly raising the child) must understand their role in protecting children on three levels: prevention, support, and intervention. They should also proactively equip themselves with relevant knowledge, skills, and information.

For infants and toddlers under the age of two, Khoi suggests parents use the "5 circles rule" to establish boundaries. This helps children develop an early understanding of personal space and their right to be protected.

For example, parents need to define who can hug the child, who can hold their hand, and who can touch sensitive areas during diaper changes or baths. All these activities should be done in private, away from the view of others, even close relatives.

By doing so, parents not only protect their children but also compel those around them to behave appropriately. "We can never be entirely sure what others are thinking when they see our children in such sensitive situations," Khoi emphasized.

Children also need to understand that some private areas are off-limits to anyone's eyes or touch, except for caregivers when absolutely necessary, such as during hygiene routines or medical examinations, and with clear explanations provided.

For preschoolers, one effective method is the "5 fingers rule," which helps children visualize safe levels of closeness with different groups of people.

Between the ages of 10 and 12, as children enter pre-adolescence, they experience many physical and psychological changes. During this time, parents need to provide close support and reinforce sex education and protective skills.

The 5 fingers rule teaches children to avoid sexual abuse. (Source: Hagar International)

The 5 fingers rule teaches children to avoid sexual abuse. (Source: Hagar International)

Khoi recommends that caregivers understand each child's psychological development to choose the right communication approach. Conversations shouldn't be forced if the child isn't ready, but the topic shouldn't be avoided simply because adults feel uncomfortable.

Parents must create a comfortable and safe environment for children to be receptive. This includes choosing a comfortable time and place to talk, starting with everyday stories and gradually moving to sensitive topics, using simple, age-appropriate language, and listening sincerely while respecting the child's feelings.

Adults can use books, videos, or educational materials to help explain and clarify issues, making them easier for children to understand.

"Children not only need knowledge and skills to protect themselves, but they also need a truly trustworthy companion. We can't be with them 24/7, but we can teach them how to recognize and react to dangerous situations," she said.

Pham Nga