Cervical cancer occurs when cells in the cervix grow abnormally, forming a malignant tumor. If not detected and treated promptly, cancer cells can invade nearby organs and metastasize to areas such as the lungs, liver, bladder, vagina, and rectum.

Doctor, Level II Specialist Nguyen The Hien, Head of the Radiation Therapy Department at the Oncology Center, Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM, cites studies indicating that approximately 99.7% of cervical cancer cases are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The time from HPV infection to cancer development typically spans 10-15 years. The disease is preventable and detectable early.

Maintain intimate hygiene

Prolonged gynecological inflammation damages cervical cells, increasing the risk of HPV infection and making precancerous changes more likely. Women should avoid deep vaginal douching and excessive use of high-pH intimate washes. During menstruation, regularly change sanitary pads and underwear to reduce infection risk and help maintain a balanced vaginal environment.

Prevent chronic gynecological infections

Recurrent infections caused by fungi, bacteria, Chlamydia, and other pathogens lead to prolonged cervical damage. This creates a favorable environment for HPV to induce cellular changes and accelerate the cancer process.

Doctor Hien advises a patient. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Practice safe sex

HPV is primarily transmitted sexually. Practicing safe sex, such as using condoms, reduces the likelihood of virus transmission, though it does not offer absolute protection. Monogamy helps lower the risk of exposure to the source of infection. Early sexual activity, especially during adolescence, should be avoided. At this stage, the cervix is not fully developed, and its thin mucous membrane is easily damaged, creating conditions for HPV to enter.

Get the HPV vaccine

The vaccine helps the body produce antibodies against HPV. When the virus enters, the immune system has a protective mechanism in place to recognize and destroy it, preventing HPV from attacking cervical cells. This is a proactive and highly effective preventive measure, according to Doctor Hien.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle

A healthy immune system can help the body naturally clear HPV within approximately one to two years. Individuals need to consume adequate nutrients such as: protein, vitamins, fiber, and healthy fats. Regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and stress reduction are crucial for strengthening the immune system.

Doctor Hien advises avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol and stimulants. Nicotine and toxins in tobacco smoke weaken cervical immunity and directly damage cellular DNA, causing cancer to progress faster. Women should undergo regular gynecological examinations at hospitals to detect precancerous lesions early (if present) and treat them promptly before they develop into cervical cancer. For those who have been sexually active, HPV testing and appropriate screening methods, as recommended by a doctor, should be performed.

Bao Tram