In individuals with normal vision, the cornea (the transparent tissue covering the front of the eye) and the lens have a round curvature. This allows light to pass through the eye and focus precisely on the retina, creating clear images. However, in people with astigmatism, the cornea or lens is oval-shaped, resembling an egg rather than a perfect sphere. This change in shape and curvature causes light to refract improperly as it enters the eye, resulting in distorted or blurry images.

Astigmatism can affect anyone, though it is more common in individuals with myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), or a history of eye injury. It is also quite common in children. Some infants may have a certain degree of astigmatism, with symptoms potentially lasting until they are around 4 years old. However, the severity of astigmatism can change over time as a child's eye structure continues to develop.

Blurry vision

Blurry vision is the primary symptom of astigmatism. Its severity often depends on the shape and curvature of the cornea and lens. Individuals with astigmatism often struggle to see fine details both up close and at a distance, particularly affecting their ability to discern objects or text. Frequent squinting to see more clearly can lead to headaches and eye strain. This blurry vision also tends to worsen at night.

Astigmatism often co-occurs with other refractive errors, such as myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness). If astigmatism accompanies myopia, individuals may see nearby objects clearly but struggle with distant ones. Conversely, those with hyperopia see distant objects clearly but have difficulty with nearby objects.

Blurry vision can impact daily activities like reading, driving, or working on a computer. Individuals experiencing this condition should seek an early eye examination for vision testing and appropriate corrective lenses to improve their eyesight.

Eye strain

Since astigmatism primarily causes blurry vision, many people frequently squint to see more clearly. Constant squinting can lead to eye strain, causing pain or fatigue in the eyes, eyelids, and facial muscles. Prolonged squinting can also result in watery eyes.

Eye strain tends to worsen with prolonged viewing of electronic screens, such as phones, tablets, computers, or televisions. To alleviate eye strain when using electronic devices, eye doctors often recommend the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at an object about 20 feet (approximately 6 meters) away for 20 seconds.

Headaches

Vision problems are a common cause of headaches. With astigmatism, individuals may squint more or strain to see clearly, leading to headaches. A headache alone is not a specific sign of astigmatism and can stem from various other causes. However, if headaches occur alongside eye strain and blurry vision, an eye examination is advisable.

Beyond adjusting eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions, doctors may recommend other measures, such as resting the eyes or using over-the-counter pain relievers, to improve symptoms.

Bao Bao (According to Health)