Cataracts occur when proteins in the eye's lens change structure, creating cloudy patches. Normally, the lens is clear, allowing light to pass through and focus on the retina to produce sharp images. Many risk factors contribute to cataracts, most commonly aging. Taking care of your eyes and making lifestyle changes can reduce your chances of developing cataracts as you get older.

Protect your eyes from ultraviolet (UV) rays. UV rays from the sun can damage the eyes and lead to cataracts. At a microscopic level, UV rays cause oxidative damage. When this occurs, harmful molecules called free radicals can disrupt proteins in the lens, causing them to clump together. The risk of cataracts can increase with high levels of sun exposure. Wearing sunglasses (preferably ones that block both UVA and UVB rays) and a wide-brimmed hat when outdoors reduces the amount of harmful UV rays reaching your eyes.

Have regular eye exams. Regular eye exams can detect eye diseases, including cataracts. This allows ophthalmologists to recommend measures to prevent or manage the condition. People already diagnosed with cataracts also need regular checkups. According to the National Eye Institute, adults over 60 should have an eye exam at least every two years. This helps detect eye diseases like macular degeneration, glaucoma, or other conditions that may require more complex treatment due to cataracts.

Manage related health issues. Certain chronic health problems, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to cataract development. Managing blood sugar levels and high blood pressure can help limit eye damage.

Eat a healthy diet rich in plant-based foods. Maintaining a balanced and varied diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables provides essential nutrients for eye health. Foods rich in antioxidants can support vision and prevent cataract progression.

Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption. Smoking causes cardiovascular problems, including issues with blood vessels in the eyes. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of cataracts. Limiting alcohol and seeking help to quit smoking can protect your eyes and overall health.

Protect your eyes from injury. Eye injuries are another risk factor for cataracts. Wearing appropriate protective eyewear when playing sports and engaging in other vigorous activities can prevent injuries and reduce the risk. You can also protect your eyes by wearing a helmet during contact sports and safety glasses when working with chemicals or power tools, industrial equipment, hammers, and similar items.

Bao Bao (According to Healthline)