Answer:

Cockroaches are insects that hide in damp, crevice-filled places such as kitchens, bathrooms, or storage areas. Globally, approximately 25 species of cockroaches are known to affect human health.

Cockroaches contain various proteins that can become potent allergens. These allergens are found in their dead bodies, saliva, feces, and waste, easily triggering allergies in sensitive individuals. Small particles from their bodies readily disperse into the air and attach to household dust. When people accidentally inhale these allergens through the nose or mouth, they enter the respiratory tract, stimulating an overreaction from the immune system. This can lead to allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and asthma.

Doctor Lan is examining a patient. Illustration: *Tam Anh General Hospital*

Cockroach allergy is classified as a persistent respiratory allergy. With prolonged exposure, patients' airways become more sensitive to irritants. In individuals already suffering from asthma, cockroach allergens exacerbate chronic inflammation in the bronchi, causing more severe airway constriction and increasing the likelihood of acute asthma attacks. For those who have never had asthma, long-term exposure can also heighten the risk of developing the condition.

Asthma is a chronic disease that currently has no definitive cure; treatment focuses on controlling symptoms and maintaining stable respiratory function. It is essential to have quick-relief medication ready for immediate use when symptoms appear. In addition to medical treatment, avoid risk factors by regularly cleaning your living environment, limiting damp conditions, and thoroughly eliminating cockroach sources in your home. Individuals with asthma should undergo regular follow-ups to assess disease control.

Master, Doctor Than Thi Ngoc Lan

Department of Respiratory

Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi