Answer:

Coffee contains color-producing compounds like tannins (a type of polyphenol), melanoidins, and phenolic acids. These substances readily adhere to tooth enamel or seep into tiny crevices and plaque on teeth.

Tooth enamel has a porous microstructure with countless tiny holes invisible to the naked eye. Tannins in coffee decompose in water, allowing color pigments to bind and penetrate these small holes, gradually turning teeth yellow or brown. If you drink coffee regularly, especially strong, hot, black coffee, and hold it in your mouth for a long time without proper oral hygiene, the stains will deepen and become harder to remove. Coffee's mild acidity can soften tooth enamel, making it easier for pigments to adhere.

Doctor Thu is advising a patient. Photo illustration: Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7

Frequent coffee consumption, inadequate oral hygiene, and plaque and tartar buildup increase the risk of tooth discoloration. Patients with acid reflux may also experience tooth discoloration due to enamel erosion. Currently, there's no clear evidence that drinking coffee directly causes stained teeth or bad breath.

To minimize discoloration, consider adding sugar-free or skim milk to your coffee, drinking it quickly, avoiding holding it in your mouth, and using a straw to reduce contact with your teeth. After drinking coffee, rinse your mouth with water and wait 30 minutes before brushing to avoid further enamel erosion. Use whitening toothpaste to remove plaque. Regular dental checkups and tartar removal are recommended, and professional teeth whitening can be considered if needed.

Persistent bad breath can indicate oral health issues, acid reflux, or throat and nose inflammation. Consult a doctor for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Dr. Duong Anh Thu

Head of Dentistry

Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7