Early-stage breast cancer often presents with subtle symptoms that can be easily overlooked. If left undetected, abnormal cells can multiply rapidly, forming a large tumor and spreading to other organs (metastasis). Regular breast self-examinations can help detect unusual signs early, enabling timely treatment.

Lump

A breast lump is a common warning sign of breast cancer, though not all lumps are cancerous. Malignant lumps are typically firm, have irregular borders, and are less mobile. They may or may not cause pain and often appear near the nipple or in the armpit area. If an unusual lump, swelling, or changes in the breast are detected, individuals should seek prompt medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management.

Skin changes

Breast cancer progresses at different rates for each person. In some cases, a tumor may have developed for one to two years without being noticed. As the disease advances, a tumor can cause noticeable changes in the surrounding breast skin, such as:

Wrinkling or dimpling: Breast cancer can cause fibrous tissues to contract, pulling the skin inward and creating a wrinkled or dimpled surface. This can also indicate lymphatic obstruction, leading to skin dimpling or an 'orange peel' texture on the breast.

Skin thickening: Thickening of the skin and surrounding breast tissues may be related to tumor growth within the lobules or lymphatic node obstruction.

Rash or itching around the nipple: The nipple and surrounding skin may develop a dermatitis-like rash, accompanied by redness, itching, peeling, or scaling. This is a typical sign of Paget's disease, a rare form of breast cancer.

Changes in breast shape and size

Individuals should consult a doctor if they notice any unusual changes in breast size or shape unrelated to their menstrual cycle. Common changes include significant breast swelling, skin atrophy on one or both sides, or the development of asymmetry.

Nipple changes or abnormal discharge

Changes in the nipple or abnormal discharge can stem from many benign causes, such as contraceptive use, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, or skin infections. However, these can also be early signs of breast cancer.

Individuals might notice a nipple that is inverted or abnormally deeply retracted, flaking or reddened nipple skin, or distinct ridges and indentations around the areola. Nipple discharge can vary in appearance, including milky white, clear, brown, or bloody; its consistency may be thick, sticky, watery, or thin.

Breast pain

Early-stage breast cancer typically does not cause pain. However, as a tumor grows, it can compress surrounding tissues, blood vessels, or nerves, leading to inflammation, soreness, redness, or warm skin. The pain may be localized to one area, extend into the armpit, or encompass the entire breast, causing prolonged discomfort.

By Anh Chi (Source: Very Well Health)