Cancer claimed the lives of approximately 9.6 million people in 2018, accounting for one-sixth of all deaths globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 30% to 50% of all cancer cases are preventable.

While some factors, like genetics and environment, are unavoidable, others are within our control.

Tobacco is the leading cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths. According to the WHO, tobacco smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, 69 of which are known carcinogens linked to lung, mouth, throat, and bladder cancers, among others. Therefore, complete avoidance of tobacco and tobacco products is crucial.

Alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, associated with seven types of cancer including esophageal, liver, colorectal, and breast cancers. Studies also suggest a link between alcohol consumption and increased risks of melanoma, pancreatic, prostate, and stomach cancers. There is no safe level of alcohol consumption. Abstinence is the best way to eliminate this risk.

Processed meats, including sausages, ham, and bacon, are classified as Group 1 carcinogens. Photo: Bao Bao

Processed meats, including sausages, ham, and bacon, are classified as Group 1 carcinogens. Photo: Bao Bao

Lack of physical activity is another major contributor to cancer. Studies show that being overweight or obese increases the risk of esophageal, colorectal, breast, endometrial, and kidney cancers. Obesity raises the risk of many diseases, including diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and at least 13 types of cancer.

According to the WHO, a high body mass index (BMI) accounted for 3.4% of all cancer cases in 2012 and 110,000 cases of breast cancer annually.

Regular exercise is the best way to mitigate this risk. Maintaining a healthy weight is also essential.

A diet high in processed meats, red meat, and ultra-processed foods increases the risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Processed meats are classified as Group 1 carcinogens. These include sausages, ham, and bacon, which are high in nitrates and nitrites, along with salt and other flavor enhancers.

Additionally, refined grains, sugary drinks, candies, and desserts can also increase cancer risk. A balanced and nutritious diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats is crucial. The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest dietary approaches.

My Y (Times of India)