Answer:

Improper air conditioner use can worsen symptoms for individuals with chronic lung diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or sustained lung damage. Cold, dry air can dehydrate the respiratory mucosa, reducing its ability to filter and eliminate bacteria and viruses, increasing the risk of respiratory infections. Sudden temperature changes can also trigger bronchial spasms, causing coughing, shortness of breath, and even asthma attacks or COPD exacerbations. Significant temperature differences between indoors and outdoors, or direct exposure to cold drafts while sleeping, can lead to sore throats and nasal congestion.

To avoid thermal shock and minimize airway irritation, individuals with lung conditions should maintain an air conditioning temperature between 26-28°C, with no more than a 10°C difference from the outdoor temperature. For instance, if it's 35°C outside, set the air conditioner to 26-28°C and use a fan on a low setting for air circulation. Excessively low temperatures can dry the mucous membranes and cause sudden vasoconstriction, impacting breathing. After being outside in the heat, dry off any sweat and sit in a well-ventilated area for 3-5 minutes before entering an air-conditioned room. Before going outdoors, open doors and windows for a few minutes to allow the temperature to gradually increase, helping your body acclimatize.

Doctor La Quy Huong examines and advises a patient. Illustrative photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Doctor La Quy Huong examines and advises a patient. Illustrative photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

For those with lung conditions, particularly asthma, maintaining a stable humidity level of 30-50% is crucial for airway health. Air conditioners can lower humidity below this threshold, drying the mucous membranes and potentially triggering asthma attacks. If the humidity is low, place a bowl of water in the room or use a humidifier on a low setting. Avoid exceeding 60% humidity, as this can encourage mold growth, which irritates the airways.

Regularly clean your air conditioner, especially the filter, to remove fine dust, mold, and pathogens. Don't keep rooms constantly sealed; open windows when the air conditioner is off to allow for air exchange and reduce the buildup of allergens. Individuals with chronic lung diseases should drink plenty of water, use saline nasal spray to keep the mucous membranes moist, cover their abdomen with a thin blanket while sleeping, and limit their intake of allergenic foods. Adhering to prescribed medications and recognizing early warning signs of an asthma attack, such as sneezing, itchy nose, coughing, runny nose, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing, allows for timely intervention.

Doctor La Quy Huong

Respiratory Department

Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi