Consuming too many sulfur-rich foods can cause bad breath. This is because sulfur compounds are released during digestion and absorbed into the bloodstream. They are then expelled through breath and sweat, creating an unpleasant odor. Bacteria in the mouth can also break down proteins, releasing volatile sulfur compounds, further contributing to bad breath. Vegetables like cauliflower, broccoli, and cabbage, as well as eggs, ham, beef, chicken, and fish are rich in sulfur.

To reduce bad breath, brush your teeth after eating and floss to remove food particles. Bacteria accumulating between teeth and on the surface of the tongue also contribute to unpleasant odors. Rinsing with baking soda, which neutralizes acids and kills odor-causing bacteria, can also help. Do this daily after brushing for optimal results.

Drinking enough water helps wash away food particles and eliminate odor-causing bacteria. Insufficient water intake can lead to a dry mouth, which promotes bacterial growth. Consuming vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits, watermelon, and cucumber can reduce harmful bacteria and prevent gum inflammation, leading to fresher breath. Cucumber, with its high water content, stimulates saliva production, which cleanses the mouth and removes food debris that can cause bad breath.

Food intolerances can also cause bad breath. If bad breath is accompanied by symptoms like bloating or diarrhea after consuming certain foods, you may have a food intolerance. For example, some people cannot fully digest lactose in dairy products or fructose from fruit and honey. In individuals with lactose or fructose intolerance, the body can't completely break down these sugars in the small intestine. Having an intolerance doesn't mean complete avoidance of dairy or fruit. Choose low-lactose options like yogurt or hard cheese, or opt for lactose-free alternatives.

Digestive disorders like celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can cause bloating and distension, common symptoms that may be accompanied by bad breath due to adverse changes in gut bacteria. If you experience bad breath along with bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, or fatigue, consult a doctor to determine the cause. These could be signs of an underlying condition like celiac disease, IBD, or a gastrointestinal infection.

Le Nguyen (*Eating Well*)