Mrs. Thien, 53, discovered uterine fibroids several years ago but neglected regular follow-ups. Recently, she suffered from frequent urination and chronic constipation. Doctor Ha Nguyen Quynh Huong, Second Degree Specialist at the Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, reported the uterine fibroid measured approximately 10x7x12 cm, comparable to a 16-week pregnancy. The large fibroid on the uterus's front reduced bladder capacity, while the fibroid on the back compressed the rectum, causing prolonged constipation.

Doctor Huong noted that continued fibroid growth could lead to complications like urinary tract infections, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, anemia from prolonged heavy menstrual bleeding, or worsened anorectal conditions. As Mrs. Thien had completed her family and the fibroid was substantial, the surgical team performed a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Post-operative pathology confirmed the tumor was benign.

The surgical team operates on the patient. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital.*

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are benign conditions prevalent among women of reproductive age. These tumors originate from smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue within the uterine wall. Most uterine fibroids are asymptomatic, often detected only during routine gynecological exams or ultrasounds.

Fibroid size, number, and location dictate symptoms. Patients may experience abnormal abdominal enlargement, heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation, and painful intercourse.

Fibroid size typically increases slowly. With menopause, decreasing estrogen levels often cause fibroids to shrink. However, rapid growth post-menopause necessitates a thorough examination to rule out rare uterine malignancies.

Treatment varies based on fibroid size, location, symptoms, and reproductive goals. Options include medical management, laparoscopic myomectomy to preserve the uterus, or hysterectomy. Doctor Huong advises women to maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, manage weight, and undergo routine gynecological check-ups every six months to one year for early detection of gynecological conditions. Early fibroid detection often allows for tumor removal, uterine preservation, and maintained reproductive function.

Ngoc Chau

*Patient's name has been changed*