Beyond aesthetics, fingernails can reveal underlying health issues, often overlooked unless chipped or broken.

Small white spots on your nails:

Tiny white spots on the nails can signal a zinc deficiency or a nail fungus. In some cases, they may be linked to underlying liver, kidney, or lung conditions, or skin diseases like psoriasis or eczema.

Brittle nails:

This often stems from a lack of biotin (a vitamin crucial for nail and hair health) or calcium. A decrease in thyroid hormones affects sweat production, leading to drier, more brittle nails. Raynaud's syndrome restricts blood flow to the fingertips, depriving nails of sufficient nutrients. Skin conditions like psoriasis can also affect nail health. Lifestyle factors like frequent hair washing, incorrect nail care, and dry weather can also contribute to brittle nails. Aging and the side effects of cancer treatment can also cause dryness and hair and nail loss. If your nails remain brittle despite dietary changes and proper nail care, consult a doctor.

Brittle nails are often a sign of nutrient deficiency. Photo: AI

Clubbed fingernails:

Clubbing, where the nails curve downwards and fingertips swell, can be a silent sign of low blood oxygen. It's often observed in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, heart problems, or liver disease. In some cases, it can indicate lung cancer. If you experience this, seek medical attention for diagnosis and to avoid potential complications.

Spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia):

Koilonychia, where nails dip inwards resembling spoons, is common in individuals with iron deficiency. It can also occur with iron overload or celiac disease. Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune condition affecting genetically predisposed individuals. Their immune system reacts to gluten by attacking and damaging the small intestine, impairing nutrient absorption and leading to diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue.

Vertical ridges on the nails:

Deep, prominent ridges, combined with pale nails, can suggest iron deficiency. These changes often develop slowly and may go unnoticed for extended periods.

Purple nails:

This can signify low blood oxygen levels, occurring in people with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or various heart problems. Sometimes, nail discoloration can be due to cold weather.

Le Nguyen (Times of India)