Answer:

To treat skin cancer, doctors typically perform surgery to remove the cancerous tissue and a margin of surrounding healthy tissue (about 1-2 cm), followed by reconstructive surgery. Depending on the pathology report, doctors may or may not recommend radiation therapy. If the skin cancer has a high risk of recurrence or metastasis, or if the surrounding tissue margins contain cancer cells, doctors may recommend radiation therapy to eliminate any remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence or spread.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy waves to destroy cancer cells. In some cases of skin cancer, if the tumor is too large or widespread to be safely removed surgically, radiation therapy may be recommended. For advanced skin cancer with distant metastasis, radiation therapy can help shrink tumors, reduce pain, and improve the patient's quality of life.

Doctor Vinh consults with a patient. Photo illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Doctor Vinh consults with a patient. Photo illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Depending on the tumor's characteristics, the type of cancer, and its location, the doctor will determine the appropriate radiation dose. The radiation needs to be targeted as precisely as possible to the affected area, ensuring the safety of surrounding healthy tissue. During and after radiation therapy, patients should minimize sun exposure to the treated area. They should wash the area daily with warm water and mild soap, then pat it dry. Wearing loose clothing can help prevent friction and irritation. Patients should avoid rubbing or massaging the treated area.

Skin cancer occurs when skin cells grow uncontrollably. Three common types are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma (malignant moles). Melanoma is the most dangerous type, as it can invade deeply, progress quickly from existing moles, birthmarks, or age spots, and metastasize to other parts of the body. If not detected early, malignant melanoma can spread beneath the skin's surface and become more difficult to remove.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is the leading cause of skin cancer. Other risk factors include having many moles, experiencing sunburns, older age, and frequent exposure to coal, high temperatures, or X-rays.

To reduce the risk of skin cancer, individuals should avoid sun exposure during peak UV hours (10 a.m. to 3 p.m.). When outdoors, protective clothing, such as long sleeves and a wide-brimmed hat, should be worn. If you notice any small growths, sores that don't heal, scaly bumps, unusually colored moles, itching, irregular borders, or asymmetry, consult a specialist in Oncology or Head and Neck - Breast Surgery for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Dr. Le Ngoc Vinh

Head and Neck - Breast Surgery Department

Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM