Answer:

The effectiveness of sunscreen depends on several factors. For example, if the SPF (UVB protection) and PA (UVA protection) ratings aren't high enough, UVA and UVB rays can still penetrate and affect the skin. Using sunscreen that's unsuitable for your skin type can also reduce its effectiveness.

Applying too little sunscreen, not enough to create an effective protective layer, can also cause skin darkening and melasma. Sunscreen typically remains effective for only 2-4 hours. Sweat, friction from face masks and clothing can reduce its effectiveness, necessitating reapplication.

Not using protective measures like wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and sun-protective clothing also exposes the skin to significant UV radiation. Blue light from phones and computers, as well as infrared radiation from heat sources, contribute to skin darkening and melasma. Therefore, choose broad-spectrum sunscreens to protect against these factors.

Internal factors such as hormonal changes, genetics, or pre-existing skin damage can also stimulate melanin production, making melasma more likely to appear or recur despite diligent sun protection.

A doctor uses pico laser to treat melasma and freckles for a patient. Illustrative photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

To maximize sunscreen's effectiveness, use a suitable product, apply a sufficient amount, and reapply frequently. Combine this with a diet rich in vegetables and fruits, adequate hydration, sufficient sleep, and stress reduction to minimize melanin production.

You can supplement with natural ingredients like sakura (Japanese cherry blossom extract), l-glutathione, and pomegranate (Mediterranean pomegranate) to reduce melanin synthesis and production, fade dark spots, and prevent new melasma formation. Collagen peptides, p.leucotomos (South American fern), litchi fruit, white peony, and lemon power also support healthy, smooth skin.

Consult a dermatologist or cosmetic dermatologist promptly to address skin darkening and melasma before the condition worsens or spreads.

Pharmacist Do Xuan Hoa

Medical Information Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM