Binh first discovered a cyst on her right ovary in 2020 and had a 4 cm cyst surgically removed. Three years later, the cyst recurred in the same location, requiring a second surgery. Late last year, the cyst returned again, rapidly growing to 15x14x13 cm, making her abdomen appear as if she were seven months pregnant.

On 28/8, Dr. Nguyen Ba My Nhi, Director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Center at Tam Anh General Hospital system in Ho Chi Minh City, noted that this was a mucinous cystadenoma, a typically benign cyst that usually occurs on only one ovary and in women aged 30-50. The recurrence rate for ovarian cysts is about 5%, but Binh's cyst recurred twice, increasing in size each time, with relatively short intervals between recurrences. "The cause may be related to hormonal changes in the body, not having given birth, or incomplete removal of the cyst during previous surgeries," Dr. Nhi said, explaining that residual cyst cells could continue to grow.

This time, Dr. Nhi removed Binh's entire right ovary, which contained the cyst filled with characteristic opaque white mucus.

Dr. My Nhi (right) and the surgical team operating on Binh. Photo: Thanh Luan

Dr. My Nhi (right) and the surgical team operating on Binh. Photo: Thanh Luan

According to Dr. Nhi, 75% of mucinous cystadenomas are benign, 10% are borderline, and 15% are malignant. Most cases have a good prognosis, but the cysts can rupture or cause ovarian torsion, leading to infertility. Large cysts in pregnant women can increase the risk of miscarriage and premature birth.

Mucinous cystadenomas often develop without noticeable symptoms. As the cyst grows, it can cause menstrual irregularities, abdominal pain, pain during intercourse, pelvic pain, painful urination, difficulty urinating, and abnormal abdominal enlargement. Women with hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, those who have never given birth, or have given birth later in life are at higher risk.

Regular gynecological check-ups every 6-12 months are recommended for early detection and treatment. Women who are unmarried or haven't completed their desired family size should consider planning for children soon after cyst removal surgery to prevent recurrence and potential impact on future fertility if the ovary needs to be removed.

Tue Diem

*The patient's name has been changed.