Ms. Lanh, 50, experienced fatigue and shortness of breath; doctors diagnosed her with MDA5 dermatomyositis accompanied by interstitial lung disease and prescribed immunosuppressants.

For over a year, Phu, 27, suffered from pemphigus, a rare autoimmune blistering disease that covered 90% of his body in painful, ulcerating lesions, forcing him to stop working. However, an innovative, phased treatment approach at Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City has brought his severe condition under control.

Ms. Tu, 28, discovered she had systemic scleroderma shortly after getting married, rendering her unable to eat or drink, leading to severe emaciation and a weight of only 30 kg.

The immune system's role is to identify and destroy invading bacteria and viruses, but due to various reasons, the system loses direction and attacks healthy cells, causing autoimmune diseases.