Dr. Phung Thi Thom, a master's degree holder from the Respiratory Department at Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi, notes that dropping temperatures make the airway lining dry and sensitive. For those with allergies, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, minor irritants can cause bronchospasm, increased phlegm, and shortness of breath. Adapting daily habits in cold weather is crucial for preventing acute exacerbations.

**Strenuous exercise in cold weather**

Exercise generates body heat, promoting warmth. Yet, for individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intense outdoor exercise in cold conditions can induce bronchospasm. Rapid, deep inhalation of cold air constricts airways, causing symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

Patients must use rescue medication as directed by their doctor at the first sign of symptoms. Avoid outdoor exercise during low temperatures, particularly in early mornings and late evenings. Instead, opt for indoor, sheltered, and warm environments. Individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should always have their rescue medication accessible during physical activity.

**Placing fresh flowers indoors**

Pollen is a common allergen, triggering asthma attacks. In enclosed rooms, fresh flowers release pollen that disperses into the air, entering the nose and mouth, irritating the airway lining.

Households with individuals suffering from asthma, allergic rhinitis, or pollen allergies should limit fresh flowers in enclosed areas. For holiday decorations, avoid strongly scented, high-pollen varieties, opting for well-ventilated placements.

**Using air conditioning in winter**

Two-way air conditioners provide quick warmth, but excessive temperatures can dry the air, leading to dry skin and nasal and throat mucous membranes. Dry mucous membranes compromise the body's natural defense against fine dust and microorganisms.

Maintain room temperature between 22 and 25 degrees C. Use a bowl of water or a humidifier to add moisture to the air. Regularly clean air conditioners, cleaning or replacing filters monthly to prevent mold and pathogen buildup.

**Keeping doors closed**

Many believe closed doors retain warmth and prevent illness. However, prolonged lack of air circulation leads to indoor accumulation of dust, bacteria, viruses, and fabric fibers. These agents can irritate airways and increase the risk of asthma attacks and other respiratory diseases.

Closed doors also restrict natural sunlight, which helps reduce microorganisms in living spaces. Doctors recommend closing doors on days with poor outdoor air quality. Conversely, open doors during sunny, windy, and dry periods to refresh the indoor environment.

Proper warmth, a clean and ventilated living environment, and adherence to medical treatment are crucial for individuals with chronic respiratory diseases to prevent acute exacerbations in cold weather. If symptoms like increased coughing, shortness of breath, or persistent wheezing occur, patients should seek prompt medical attention for timely advice and management.

Thu Giang