Answer:

Nasal sprays are solutions sprayed directly into the nose to relieve congestion and runny nose. Several types of nasal sprays are available, including decongestants, corticosteroid anti-inflammatories, antihistamines, and saline nasal sprays.

Decongestant sprays constrict blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and providing temporary relief. However, overuse can decrease their effectiveness, leading to increased frequency of use and dependence. This can cause further swelling, reduced sensitivity to the medication, and a rebound effect where congestion worsens. Overuse can also irritate and dry out the nasal passages, potentially leading to tissue damage, ulcers, and scar tissue formation, narrowing airways and causing chronic nasal inflammation that is difficult to treat.

Decongestant nasal sprays do not cure the underlying cause of congestion; they only offer temporary relief. They should be used under medical supervision and not as a self-treatment for nasal congestion. Short-term use (5-7 days) can reduce swelling, but prolonged use can worsen congestion.

Doctor Hang consults a patient. Illustrative photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Doctor Hang consults a patient. Illustrative photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Nasal congestion can lead to mouth breathing, which bypasses the nose's natural filtering system, increasing the risk of infections like sore throat and laryngitis. Long-term, unsupervised use of nasal sprays can also pose health risks for individuals with heart conditions, high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers.

Only use decongestant sprays for short periods, and never for extended durations without a doctor's recommendation. If you experience persistent nasal congestion, consult an ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) to determine the underlying cause. You may have allergies, chronic sinusitis, a deviated septum, or another condition. Treating the root cause is more effective than relying on nasal sprays for long-term relief.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Thi Thuy Hang

Head of ENT Department

ENT Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City