Hemorrhoids are distinct from cancer. They involve swollen veins in the anal canal and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. In contrast, colorectal or anal cancer is characterized by abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth. These two conditions have entirely different origins and mechanisms of formation.

Hemorrhoids are not cancerous and do not develop into cancer. However, both conditions share similar symptoms, such as rectal bleeding, anal pain, a sensation of fullness, or changes in bowel habits. This overlap often leads individuals to delay medical consultation, potentially missing an early cancer diagnosis.

Rectal bleeding is a common symptom for both hemorrhoids and malignant conditions of the anal-rectal region. Colorectal cancer typically presents with bleeding alongside persistent changes in bowel habits, unusual constipation or diarrhea, narrow stools, chronic abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, anemia, or fatigue. Anal cancer may manifest as bleeding, pain, a feeling of fullness in the anal area, prolonged itching, or a lump around the anus.

Several factors contribute to hemorrhoid formation by increasing pressure on the anal-rectal area: chronic constipation, frequent straining during bowel movements, physical inactivity, obesity, and a low-fiber diet. Many of these factors are also associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal diseases, including colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.

Surgical team treating a patient with hemorrhoids. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital*

For individuals like Nguyen Hung, 52, who have a long history of hemorrhoids and recent rectal bleeding, a medical examination is crucial for a thorough evaluation. A doctor may recommend a colonoscopy to precisely identify the cause of bleeding and rule out precancerous lesions or cancer, thereby enhancing treatment effectiveness.

To prevent hemorrhoids and maintain digestive health, individuals should consume adequate green vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, ensure sufficient water intake, and exercise regularly. It is also important to avoid prolonged sitting or standing, limit straining during bowel movements, and address constipation promptly.

Dr. Hoang Nam

Department of Gastroenterology - Hepatology - Pancreatology

Tam Anh Cau Giay General Clinic