Answer:

Normally, the retinal vasculature begins forming in the 4th month of pregnancy and is complete by full term. Premature birth can disrupt this development, leading to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Left untreated, ROP can cause retinal bleeding, scarring, and detachment. It typically affects babies born before 31-32 weeks, weighing less than 1.5 kg at birth. Babies requiring prolonged high-concentration oxygen or with other conditions (infection, anemia, respiratory distress) are at higher risk.

Parents should have at-risk newborns screened soon after birth. This process identifies signs of ROP, determines timing, and appropriate intervention. In Vietnam, retinal screening is recommended for all premature babies born before 34 weeks and weighing under 1.8 kg. Doctors may also recommend screening for babies with respiratory problems requiring oxygen, infections, anemia, or pneumonia to ensure no cases of ROP are missed.

Eye screening for newborns. Illustration photo: Tam Anh Hospital

Your baby should undergo regular eye exams. Detecting ROP visually or through the baby's reactions is difficult. Stages 1 and 2 of ROP show no visible signs. Therefore, specialized equipment is necessary for a thorough examination.

In most cases, abnormal retinal vessel development is mild and resolves spontaneously without treatment. However, some cases may progress, causing retinal damage and potential vision loss, requiring prompt intervention.

MSc MD Phung Van Thanh

High-Tech Eye Center

Tam Anh General Hospital