Response:

Viral hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus, primarily spreading through the oral-fecal route, such as consuming contaminated food, beverages, or water sources. Most cases of viral hepatitis A are acute and do not progress to chronic hepatitis. Symptoms are often mild or self-limiting.

Individuals with mild viral hepatitis A need rest, appropriate nutritional support, and liver function assistance. After several weeks to a few months, the body completely eliminates the hepatitis A virus, developing long-lasting immunity. It rarely becomes chronic or develops into cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Doctor Long advises a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital Ho Chi Minh City

Doctor Long advises a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital Ho Chi Minh City

A small number of patients with compromised health or pre-existing liver conditions may experience severe progression if infected with the hepatitis A virus, leading to complications like liver failure. In such cases, patients may require specialized treatment in an intensive care unit, including plasma exchange, depending on their specific situation.

Currently, there is no specific antiviral medication for viral hepatitis A. Treatment focuses on supportive care to manage symptoms, including rest, fluid replacement, appropriate nutrition, and monitoring liver function. The body's elimination of the hepatitis A virus leads to the development of immunity.

Most patients fully clear the hepatitis A virus and recover completely. However, some cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, or those with underlying liver diseases such as cirrhosis or fatty liver, may progress severely. You should adhere to your doctor's treatment plan to recover quickly and avoid complications.

Everyone should get the hepatitis A vaccine, especially children, the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, people with chronic liver disease, those traveling to high-prevalence areas, and men who have sex with men. Hepatitis A primarily spreads through contaminated food and water. Therefore, practicing good hygiene, such as cooking food thoroughly, boiling water, using clean water sources, and washing hands properly, are the most effective preventive measures.

Master, Doctor, Level I Specialist Doan Hoang Long

Department of Gastroenterology

Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Endosurgery Center

Tam Anh General Hospital Ho Chi Minh City