I bathed my baby with betel leaves, but it didn't clear up. What is this condition, and is it dangerous? (Hoang Thao, 26, Tay Ninh)

Infants often develop dandruff-like scales on their scalp, which is typically a sign of seborrheic dermatitis. This benign physiological condition is common in infants aged 0-12 months. Causes include an overgrowth of yeast on the scalp, dysfunctional sebaceous glands, or maternal hormonal influence. The condition is not contagious, and most mild cases resolve on their own as the child grows, usually within 6-12 months, without requiring treatment.

Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by yellowish or white, greasy scales firmly attached to the scalp. These scales can spread to the forehead, eyebrows, behind the ears, armpits, and groin. Affected skin areas may appear slightly reddish and oily due to overactive oil glands, causing itching and discomfort.

Infant scalp dermatitis is not inherently dangerous but can lead to infection if adults scratch or pick at the baby's scalp, causing abrasions. This allows bacteria or fungi to enter, leading to pus, yellow discharge, or bleeding. If scales become excessively thick and persist, they can affect hair follicles, resulting in thinning hair or localized hair loss.

Use specialized shampoo and gentle massage to care for infants with scalp dermatitis. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Parents often use betel leaves to bathe children as a folk remedy, believing these leaves have antibacterial and antifungal properties that reduce inflammation and itching. However, a baby's skin is sensitive and can become irritated. The white scales are essentially an accumulation of sebum and dead skin cells related to oil production. Therefore, it is advisable to use a pH-balanced, specialized baby wash.

To manage infant scalp dermatitis at home, parents should first soften the scales. Apply mineral oil (baby oil), coconut oil, or aloe vera gel to the baby's scalp, massage gently, and let it sit for 15-30 minutes before bathing. Afterward, use a mild baby shampoo to wash away the oil. During the bath, a soft-bristled comb can gently brush the scalp to loosen scales gradually. Absolutely avoid using fingernails or harsh picking, as this can easily cause scratches and infection. Finally, gently pat the baby's scalp dry with a soft towel.

Parents should take their child to a hospital with a dermatologist or pediatrician if the scalp becomes significantly red, swollen, or if the scales spread to the face and body. Medical attention is also warranted if the baby shows signs of infection, such as yellow pus, bleeding, intense itching, or excessive crying.

Dr. Doan Thi Hoai Trang, M.Sc.

Pediatrics Department, Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7