Answer:

Amniotic fluid is the liquid that surrounds the fetus within the amniotic sac. This sac acts as a protective cushion, shielding the fetus from external injuries, impacts, and infections. Polyhydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid, can be caused by fetal abnormalities, multiple pregnancies, maternal diabetes, and various fetal disorders. A diagnosis of polyhydramnios is made when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) exceeds 24 cm or the deepest amniotic pocket measured via ultrasound is greater than 8 cm.

Doctor Nguyen Thanh Vinh examines a pregnant woman. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Doctor Nguyen Thanh Vinh examines a pregnant woman. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Most cases of polyhydramnios are often asymptomatic but can lead to dangerous complications. These include an increased likelihood of abnormal fetal positioning and difficulty for the fetus to maintain a stable position within the uterus. In some severe cases, polyhydramnios can cause shortness of breath, significant abdominal pain, umbilical cord prolapse, nuchal cord (the umbilical cord wrapped around the fetus's neck), placental abruption, premature birth, and stillbirth. The mother is also at greater risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Doctors may recommend amnioreduction, a procedure to remove excess amniotic fluid, or medical treatment to manage symptoms. If polyhydramnios is suspected, pregnant women should undergo an ultrasound to determine the AFI and investigate potential causes. Based on these results, doctors may order additional fetal testing. However, amnioreduction is only considered if the polyhydramnios causes significant discomfort for the mother.

If you have polyhydramnios, close monitoring throughout your pregnancy is crucial to prevent complications. You should maintain a balanced and nutritious diet, drink at least 2 liters of water daily, limit salt intake, engage in light exercise, and get at least 8 hours of sleep per day. It's important to monitor your body for any unusual symptoms and avoid taking diuretics or uterine relaxants without a doctor's prescription.

Doctor Nguyen Thanh Vinh

Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology

Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi