The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located on either side of the spine, just behind the abdominal cavity. Kidney cancer occurs when malignant cells form in the kidney. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which originates in the lining of the kidney tubules. The disease often has no symptoms in its early stages. Some individuals may experience blood in their urine, pain in the flank or back, or a lump in the abdomen.
Genetics and age are primary risk factors. Lifestyle choices also significantly influence the likelihood of developing kidney cancer.
Smoking significantly increases the risk of kidney cancer. It's one of the most strongly associated risk factors, especially for RCC. Most carcinogens in tobacco are filtered by the kidneys after being absorbed into the bloodstream, repeatedly exposing them to harmful chemicals. Quitting smoking is not only beneficial for the heart and lungs but also crucial for kidney health.
Obesity or being overweight increases the risk of kidney cancer. Excess weight can cause hormonal imbalances and elevated insulin levels, promoting tumor growth. Consuming processed foods, red meat, and refined carbohydrates increases metabolic stress and inflammation, further burdening the kidneys. Conversely, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein supports overall kidney function and helps reduce the risk of disease.
Chronic high blood pressure harms blood vessels and increases the risk of kidney damage and cancer. Uncontrolled hypertension can even alter kidney cell DNA, weakening the body's immune mechanisms. Monitoring and managing blood pressure is a vital preventive measure against kidney cancer.
Excessive or prolonged use of over-the-counter pain relievers, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is linked to both kidney damage and an increased risk of cancer. These drugs reduce blood flow to the kidneys, potentially leading to chronic interstitial nephritis, which can develop into cancer over time. Individuals with medical conditions should use medication only as directed by their doctor.
Exposure to certain industrial solvents is associated with kidney cancer. Herbicides and the heavy metal cadmium can also pose threats. Regular health checkups are recommended for those whose work or living environments involve frequent exposure to these agents.
Bao Bao (Times of India)
