A recent routine cervical cancer screening revealed she was infected with HPV 18, a type of the virus that can lead to precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. "I was shocked because I always thought only people with multiple partners or unsafe sexual practices contracted this," Ha said. After researching, she realized her previous understanding was incomplete.

Mai Trang, 36, from Da Nang, thought HPV only posed a risk to women, especially regarding cervical cancer. Further research revealed both men and women are susceptible. Of the more than 200 identified HPV types, over 40 sexually transmitted types can cause disease in the genitals and anus of both sexes.

Trang had genital warts caused by HPV 6 two years ago and received treatment. She read that if someone has had HPV and is sexually active, prevention is ineffective. However, her doctor explained that a previous HPV infection doesn't grant complete immunity. Reinfection with the same or different types is possible, making prevention crucial against high-risk HPV types.

Doctor Bach Thi Chinh, Medical Director, VNVC Vaccination System. Photo: Screenshot from the seminar

Doctor Bach Thi Chinh, Medical Director, VNVC Vaccination System. Photo: Screenshot from the seminar

According to Doctor Bach Thi Chinh, Medical Director of the VNVC Vaccination System, HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses, yet many misunderstandings surround it. One common misconception is that only women are affected. In reality, men can also become infected, transmit the virus, and are at risk of genital warts, precancerous lesions, and anal cancer if persistently infected.

Many believe sexual intercourse is the only way to contract HPV. However, the virus can spread through skin-to-skin contact with infected areas. Another misconception is that condoms offer complete protection. While condoms reduce the risk, they don't provide absolute protection as HPV can exist on uncovered skin.

Furthermore, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in most cases, HPV clears up within two years without causing health issues. Persistent HPV infections can lead to genital warts, precancerous lesions, and cancer.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2019, over 620,000 new cancer cases in women and nearly 70,000 in men were caused by HPV. In addition to causing almost 100% of cervical cancer cases, epidemiological analysis in the US from 2012 to 2016 showed HPV also causes about 91% of anal cancers, 69% of vulvar cancers, and 75% of vaginal cancers.

Scientists have isolated over 200 different HPV types. Even after infection with one type, reinfection with the same or other types is possible if exposed to the virus.

The Ministry of Health recommends behavioral and lifestyle changes to protect against HPV and related diseases: avoid smoking, increase physical activity, maintain a healthy diet, practice safe sex with condoms, and get vaccinated at healthcare facilities. Regular cervical cancer screening is recommended for women aged 21-65, as advised by healthcare professionals. Some studies suggest voluntary male circumcision may reduce HPV transmission risk in men.

"Many people remain complacent or lack information about HPV and related diseases, leading to misunderstandings and unfortunate risks. Take proactive steps to protect yourself by learning about and implementing effective preventive measures," Doctor Chinh added.

Diep Lam

HPV is the human papillomavirus. HPV infection is extremely common worldwide. Most infections are asymptomatic and clear up on their own, but persistent infection can cause diseases, precancerous lesions, and cancer in both men and women. Individual action is needed to raise awareness of prevention in the community "For a Vietnam free from the burden of HPV". Consult a healthcare professional and learn more about HPV at hpv.vn.