Is chest tightness a symptom of black lung disease?

Black lung disease results from the accumulation of dust particles, such as asbestos, coal dust, and silica, in the lungs. Symptoms typically emerge after years of exposure to coal dust. These include chest tightness, difficulty exercising, and shortness of breath, even during everyday activities that previously weren't strenuous.

Doctors may detect wheezing or rattling sounds during a physical examination.

What causes black spots on the lungs?

Inhaled dust particles, often invisible to the naked eye, such as those found in coal mines, contain carbon. Depending on the mine's location and the type of rock being mined, the dust can also contain silica. When inhaled, these tiny particles can lodge in the lungs. The immune system identifies them as foreign invaders and attempts to eliminate them. This immune response leads to inflammation and scarring, giving the lungs a blackened appearance.

Does smoking cause black lung disease?

Smoking introduces toxins and carcinogens into the airways, leading to lung scarring and increasing the risk of respiratory problems like chronic cough and bronchitis. However, smoking doesn't cause black lung disease in coal miners. This specific lung condition is caused by coal dust.

Is black lung disease contagious?

Black lung disease is not contagious, hereditary, or caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Prolonged exposure to coal dust is the primary risk factor.

What tests are used to diagnose black lung disease?

Chest X-rays or CT scans, along with pulmonary function tests, can help diagnose black lung disease. While the disease is incurable, treatment aims to improve the patient's health. In addition to a lung transplant (a potential cure), doctors manage symptoms by minimizing exposure to coal, eliminating further lung irritants like smoking, administering vaccines, and prescribing bronchodilators.

If air quality is poor, patients should stay indoors or wear masks outside. Patients should discuss suitable exercises, intensity levels, and recognizing overexertion with their doctors.

Is black lung disease the same as tuberculosis?

Black lung disease is different from tuberculosis (TB). TB is a contagious infection caused by the bacterium *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*.

Individuals with black lung disease have a higher risk of developing TB due to weakened immune systems. Some symptoms, like coughing, chest pain, and producing phlegm, overlap between the two conditions. However, those with black lung disease typically don't experience fever or night sweats.

Le Nguyen (*Healthline*, *Cleveland Clinic*)