The abdominal area houses many vital organs of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Consequently, abdominal pain can stem from various causes, ranging from common bloating to serious conditions like inflammation or infection.

According to a study published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), abdominal pain can sometimes be an early sign of diseases affecting the digestive system, liver, kidneys, or reproductive organs. Persistent and severe pain should never be ignored.

Common causes

Abdominal pain often arises from minor issues like indigestion or bloating after a large meal or consuming spicy, fatty foods. Constipation also contributes to a feeling of fullness when intestinal contractions or peristalsis are slow. Stomach flu, caused by viruses or bacteria, typically leads to abdominal pain accompanied by diarrhea and nausea.

In women, menstrual cramps are a common cause, resulting from hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, which lead to dull pain in the lower abdomen. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) also cause abdominal discomfort along with a burning sensation during urination.

While most of these symptoms are not dangerous, they still require monitoring. If the pain persists for several days or worsens, seek medical attention promptly.

Abdominal pain can stem from various causes. Photo: The Mirror.

Serious conditions to watch for

Appendicitis

Pain typically begins around the navel and then shifts to the lower right abdomen. This may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever. If not treated promptly, the appendix can rupture, leading to severe complications.

Acute pancreatitis

The pain is sudden and severe, located in the upper abdomen and radiating to the back. Causes are often linked to alcohol or gallstones. This is a dangerous condition requiring early intervention for timely treatment.

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis cause persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. This chronic inflammation damages the intestinal lining and reduces nutrient absorption.

Gallstones

Gallstones often cause sharp pain in the upper right abdomen, especially after fatty meals, and sometimes radiate to the shoulder or upper back.

Intestinal or mesenteric ischemia

When blood flow to the intestines is reduced, the pain is much more severe than external signs suggest. This condition is common in older adults or those with heart disease.

Kidney stones and urinary disorders

Kidney colic pain radiates from the back to the lower abdomen or groin, sometimes accompanied by blood in the urine. Other urinary tract conditions can also cause dull pain.

Reproductive system issues

In women, abdominal pain can be linked to ovarian cysts, endometriosis, or ectopic pregnancy, requiring early detection to prevent serious complications.

Home remedies for abdominal pain

For mild abdominal pain caused by diet or stress, you can try some simple measures. Rest, relax, and maintain a calm mindset to help reduce pain, as stress can worsen the condition.

Eat small, light meals such as rice, porridge, or soup, and avoid fried, fatty, or spicy foods. Stay hydrated to aid digestion and prevent dehydration, while limiting alcohol and coffee, as they can irritate the digestive tract. You can apply a warm compress to your abdomen with a heating pad or warm towel to relax muscles.

If the pain does not subside after one or two days, or if it is accompanied by fever, chills, persistent vomiting, or a swollen, tense, or rigid abdomen, these could be dangerous signs. Additionally, if you notice blood in your stool or vomit, jaundice, yellow eyes, or difficulty with bowel movements or urination, you should see a doctor as soon as possible.

By Huong Giang (Source: Times of India)