Urinary retention, the inability to urinate or fully empty the bladder despite feeling the urge, is a common issue among older adults, especially men. It can be caused by an enlarged prostate, weakened bladder muscles, bladder stones, or neurological conditions affecting urinary function.

According to Doctor Le Minh Hung of the Urology and Andrology Department at Tam Anh General Hospital in Hanoi, urinary retention is classified into two types: acute and chronic. Acute urinary retention occurs suddenly, with symptoms including the inability to urinate despite a strong urge, severe pain or pressure in the lower abdomen, and sometimes lower back pain. Chronic urinary retention, however, often develops gradually. Symptoms may include difficulty urinating, a weak or intermittent urine stream, the feeling of incomplete emptying, frequent urination in small amounts, nocturia (frequent nighttime urination), or even uncontrolled urine leakage.

These symptoms often lead to sleep disturbances, fatigue, and chronic stress. In frail elderly individuals, prolonged urinary retention can cause cognitive impairment such as agitation, confusion, or delirium, potentially leading to serious complications.

Doctor Hung advises a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Doctor Hung advises a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Stagnant urine creates an ideal environment for bacterial growth, leading to urinary tract infections. Over time, excessive bladder distension weakens the bladder muscles, causing urinary incontinence. Pressure from the bladder can also force urine back up the ureters to the kidneys, resulting in hydronephrosis (kidney swelling). This can eventually progress to chronic kidney disease and even irreversible kidney failure.

To protect their health and prevent complications from urinary retention, Doctor Hung advises seniors to establish regular urination habits, avoid holding urine, and effectively manage and treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Other underlying conditions like diabetes, constipation, or urinary tract infections should also be addressed, as they can damage or compress the urinary tract, leading to inflammation and blockage, which can worsen urinary retention. It's crucial to seek medical attention upon noticing any signs of urinary retention, including minor changes in urination habits or any discomfort.

Anh Kiet