Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries. This plaque consists of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this accumulation narrows and stiffens blood vessels, causing them to lose elasticity and restricting blood flow to vital organs. The following are warning symptoms of the disease.

Chest pain, shortness of breath

When atherosclerosis develops in the heart's coronary arteries, it can lead to chest pain or tightness, particularly noticeable during physical activity or stress. Some individuals experience shortness of breath because the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. Fatigue, dizziness, and an irregular heartbeat may also occur, signaling the heart is struggling with reduced blood circulation. Persistent pain, even at rest, could indicate a heart attack, requiring immediate medical attention.

Difficulty speaking, confusion

If atherosclerosis affects the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, symptoms can appear suddenly. Specifically, patients may experience numbness and weakness in their arms and legs, difficulty speaking, slurred speech, or confusion. Some individuals may also suffer temporary vision loss or a facial droop on one side.

Cramps or pain when walking

When atherosclerosis blocks or narrows peripheral arteries in the legs and arms, patients may experience cramps or pain while walking, a condition known as intermittent claudication. Circulatory problems can also cause numbness, weakness, and coldness in the feet. Over time, reduced blood flow slows toenail growth. In severe cases, painful, non-healing ulcers and wounds may appear, increasing the risk of infection.

These symptoms can make daily tasks challenging and increase the risk of accidents and falls. Patients should consult a doctor if they experience any abnormalities or if symptoms worsen over time.

To prevent atherosclerosis, everyone should maintain a healthy lifestyle. This includes quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, avoiding unhealthy fats, prioritizing green vegetables, exercising regularly (approximately 30 minutes daily), and managing weight. Effectively controlling blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol through regular check-ups also helps protect heart health.

Le Nguyen (Sources: WebMD, Times of India)