Doctor Duong Ngoc Hung, from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Center at Tam Anh General Hospital in Hanoi, explains that daily birth control pills are a common and convenient family planning method. However, abruptly stopping their use can lead to several bodily changes.

Combined birth control pills typically contain estrogen and progestin, synthetic hormones that inhibit ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, hindering sperm from reaching the egg. When the pill is stopped, the body ceases receiving these external hormones, and the ovaries gradually resume natural function. This hormonal readjustment can take several weeks to months, varying among individuals. Some women experience noticeable changes like acne, oily hair, and mood swings due to fluctuating natural hormone levels.

Taking birth control pills can cause missed periods or alter the menstrual cycle. After stopping, natural menstruation typically returns within 4-6 weeks, though it can take several months for some to stabilize. If menstruation doesn't resume within 6 months or if unusual symptoms occur, such as prolonged vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, severe acne, or significant hair loss, medical consultation is recommended.

According to Dr. Hung, fertility can return immediately after stopping the pill, even within a few days. An estimated 80% of women can conceive within a year of stopping, a rate similar to those not using birth control. However, the speed of recovery depends on individual factors, age, and prior reproductive health.

Some women use birth control pills to manage acne or reduce symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Stopping the pill can cause acne to reappear due to increased natural androgen levels. The pill can also help stabilize weight in some individuals. Discontinuation, especially of progestin-only pills, can lead to slight weight gain, depending on individual factors.

A doctor at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Center consults with a woman. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi

A doctor at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Center consults with a woman. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi

Birth control pills alleviate premenstrual symptoms such as abdominal pain, breast tenderness, headaches, and mood swings. Stopping the pill can cause these symptoms to return, potentially more severely for those with a history of significant discomfort.

Some women experience increased hair loss after stopping the pill due to a temporary condition called telogen effluvium, which affects the hair follicle growth cycle. This typically subsides within 6 months. Women prone to excessive hair growth due to high androgen levels (hyperandrogenism) may also notice increased growth, particularly on the face, chest, or abdomen.

While on the pill, many women experience improved mood stability due to regulated hormones. Stopping can lead to mood swings, increased anxiety, or stress. Conversely, some feel better due to the absence of side effects like headaches, fatigue, and reduced libido caused by the pill.

Birth control pills are sometimes prescribed to treat endometriosis, functional ovarian cysts, menorrhagia (heavy periods), or dysmenorrhea (painful periods). Stopping the pill can cause these symptoms to return. For example, women with endometriosis might experience more severe abdominal pain, heavier periods, or prolonged bleeding.

Daily birth control pills can decrease libido due to hormonal changes. After stopping, libido often increases.

Dr. Hung advises women to consider their reasons and health status before stopping the pill. Attention to nutrition, exercise, and adequate rest can help the body regain hormonal balance.

Trinh Mai