Several medical conditions can affect eye color, primarily the sclera (white of the eye) or cornea, with less impact on the iris.

Red eyes: If the whites of your eyes turn red, it could be a sign of conjunctivitis (pink eye) or subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Uveitis is inflammation inside the eye. Causes can include infection, eye injury, or exposure to toxins. In this case, the whites of the eyes may be affected and turn red. Uveitis needs prompt treatment.

Scleritis - redness and swelling in the white part of the eye - can be a symptom of an autoimmune disease. Those experiencing this should see an ophthalmologist.

Yellow eyes: Jaundice often causes the entire white of the eye to turn yellow. Some people may also develop a yellow spot or lump in the conjunctiva, the transparent tissue covering the white of the eye. While this condition is common in newborns, adults can also experience it due to liver or gallbladder problems. An inflamed or damaged liver cannot remove bilirubin, which then accumulates in the blood. Bilirubin causes the whites of the eyes and skin to turn yellow.

Cloudy iris and pupil: Cataracts that progress over time can create a visible cloudy layer over the pupil and iris. However, this condition usually causes changes in vision long before external changes in the eye's appearance occur.

Unusual eye color: In people with albinism, the eyes do not produce enough melanin, which can affect pigmentation in the eyes, hair, and skin. People with mild albinism often have pale blue or violet eyes, while those with more severe albinism have very little or no melanin, resulting in pink or red eyes. This is due to the blood vessels in the eye being visible. Albinism also causes serious vision problems.

White corneal ring: The appearance of a gray or white ring around the cornea (the transparent tissue covering the iris and pupil) is usually not a cause for concern. In some cases, it can be a sign of an underlying condition such as atherosclerosis or carotid artery disease.

A white corneal ring is usually benign in people over 50. Younger individuals may want to get a blood test to check for lipid (fat and cholesterol) abnormalities.

Annual eye exams help monitor changes in the eyes for timely diagnosis and treatment. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, wearing UV-protective sunglasses outdoors, and wearing protective eyewear when needed can also be beneficial.

Bao Bao (According to Everyday Health, Healthline)