Nasal polyps, which typically appear on the lining of the nose or sinuses, are caused by chronic inflammatory conditions such as sinusitis, allergies, and infections. If left untreated or if they recur, these polyps can lead to serious health complications.

Reduced or lost sense of smell. Large nasal polyps can obstruct the nasal passages, preventing air from reaching the olfactory nerves. This results in a reduced or lost sense of smell, often accompanied by a diminished sense of taste. Medical treatment is available and should be sought under the guidance of a doctor.

Facial pressure. Another common complication of nasal polyps is a feeling of fullness and pressure in the face, particularly around the cheeks, eyes, and forehead. Excessive mucus buildup and inflammation caused by the polyps exert pressure, causing the lining of the nose and sinuses to swell. This can lead to blockage in the sinuses and nasal passages, resulting in discomfort.

Obstructive sleep apnea. Nasal polyps can worsen obstructive sleep apnea, a disorder in which the upper airway collapses during sleep, blocking airflow through the nose and throat to the lungs. This causes brief pauses in breathing, reducing sleep quality and leading to daytime fatigue, shortness of breath, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

Frequent ear infections. Untreated nasal polyps can lead to Eustachian tube dysfunction. In this condition, the tubes connecting the middle ear to the back of the nose become blocked, preventing proper fluid drainage and increasing the risk of ear infections. While individual ear infections can be treated with medication, if nasal polyps are the underlying cause, treating the polyps is essential to prevent recurrence.

Infections around the brain, eyes, or sinuses. Prolonged nasal polyps can lead to chronic sinus infections. If left untreated, the infection can spread to the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord, the tissues around the eyes, and the sinus bones, causing inflammation. In rare cases, this can lead to bacterial meningitis, a life-threatening infection requiring immediate treatment.

Worsened respiratory illnesses. Chronic nasal polyps can also increase the risk of respiratory illnesses, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, or asthma attacks. Because nasal polyps are a chronic condition, patients need to adhere to their treatment plan and attend regular follow-up appointments. Doctors will monitor the polyps and advise on appropriate treatment.

Anh Chi (EverydayHealth).