Thyroid cancer originates in the thyroid gland, an organ responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. According to the American Cancer Society, the disease is often diagnosed at an average age of 51 and is three times more prevalent in women than in men.

Timely recognition of symptoms is crucial for effective intervention and treatment. Here are five signs to pay particular attention to:

Neck lump

The presence of an abnormal nodule or lump in the neck is often the most noticeable indicator. The Johns Hopkins Healthcare System reports that approximately 80% of women may develop thyroid nodules, but only 5-15% of these are malignant. Regular check-ups aid in early detection of abnormalities.

An endoscopic medical team performs thyroid tumor removal via the oral route at Bai Chay Hospital. Photo: Hospital provided.

Voice changes

Persistent hoarseness or changes in voice often signal thyroid cancer, the National Cancer Institute notes. The thyroid gland is located close to the larynx, and growing tumors can easily exert pressure on and affect the vocal cords.

Difficulty swallowing

As a tumor increases in size and compresses the esophagus, patients may experience a sore throat, a sensation of obstruction, and continuous difficulty swallowing. This is a symptom that should not be ignored and requires early medical evaluation.

Persistent fatigue

A study published in BMC Cancer in 2024 noted that fatigue and sleep disturbances are prominent symptoms in advanced-stage patients. Since the thyroid controls energy production, disruption of this function can lead to physical decline and emotional disorders.

Unexplained weight loss

An analysis in Nature in 2019 showed that thyroid cancer alters the body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss. If other thyroid-related signs are present concurrently, patients should monitor their weight and seek early medical consultation.

Huong Giang (According to Times of India)