Doctor Nguyen Tien Thanh, of the Vietnam Dermatology Association, states that prolonged exposure to fine dust increases the risk of atopic dermatitis, hives, and hyperpigmentation. Fine dust can trigger oxidative stress on the skin, damaging collagen and leading to premature skin aging.

Recently, the doctor treated a 26-year-old woman from Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi, who experienced stinging facial skin when outdoors. She developed red patches on both cheeks, accompanied by burning and itching sensations. Despite stopping makeup and cosmetic use, her condition only temporarily improved before flaring up more severely.

The doctor diagnosed her with irritant dermatitis due to prolonged exposure to fine dust and air pollution, a common condition that increases whenever Hanoi's air quality deteriorates. The primary culprits are PM 2.5 and PM 1 fine dust particles, which can directly penetrate pores and damage the skin's natural protective barrier.

"The skin's protective barrier acts as a natural shield. When fine dust breaches it, the skin becomes dry, weak, and highly susceptible to irritation, even from the mildest stimuli," Doctor Thanh explained.

For this patient, the symptoms of redness, burning, small blisters, and a hot sensation on the face when outdoors were typical of environmental irritant dermatitis, not a cosmetic allergy as she had mistakenly believed. The treatment protocol focused on restoring the skin barrier: using moisturizers containing ceramide, avoiding strong acids, and incorporating soothing and anti-inflammatory active ingredients. After about 3-5 days, the burning sensation significantly decreased, and the red areas also noticeably shrank.

Residents navigate air pollution on Nguyen Trai street, Hanoi, in early December. Photo: Hoang Giang

Residents navigate air pollution on Nguyen Trai street, Hanoi, in early December. Photo: Hoang Giang

According to assessments by numerous international monitoring systems, Hanoi consistently ranks among the top 10 cities with the worst air quality globally at certain times during early winter. Inner-city areas such as Thanh Xuan, Tay Ho, Le Duan, and Vinh Tuy frequently record air quality index levels that significantly impact health.

Studies by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that air pollution causes respiratory diseases and many chronic dermatological conditions. With long-term exposure to pollution, skin can develop chronic inflammation, lose elasticity, and experience increased pigmentation. Without protective measures, the skin sustains silent damage over extended periods.

Doctor Thanh advises limiting direct skin exposure to fine dust during periods of air pollution. This includes wearing fine dust-filtering masks outdoors and washing the face immediately upon returning home. Regular moisturizing helps enhance the skin's resilience. It is also important to avoid exfoliating or using drying products, drink plenty of water, and supplement with antioxidant-rich foods. Additionally, avoid outdoor exercise in the early morning or late evening when fine dust levels are high.

Thuy Quynh