Low blood pressure can be caused by poor diet, dehydration, infection, blood loss, heart conditions, endocrine disorders, or allergic reactions. It occurs when blood flow through the arteries decreases. A healthy blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg. Readings below 90/60 mmHg are considered low.

Dizziness and lightheadedness are among the most common signs of low blood pressure, especially when standing up suddenly. This occurs because the brain isn't receiving enough blood, leading to temporary impairment.

Fatigue and weakness are also common symptoms. Low blood pressure reduces blood flow to the muscles and organs, resulting in a lack of energy and difficulty performing daily activities.

In severe cases, low blood pressure can cause fainting due to insufficient blood supply to the brain, leading to a temporary loss of consciousness. Fainting can be dangerous, especially when driving or operating machinery.

Low blood pressure can also affect the respiratory system, causing rapid or shallow breathing. The body tries to compensate for low blood pressure by increasing the breathing rate to improve oxygen supply.

A sudden drop in blood pressure can cause cold, clammy skin due to poor blood circulation. Extremities, such as hands and feet, may feel cold to the touch, and the skin may appear pale.

Managing low blood pressure involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause. Lifestyle changes like drinking enough water, reducing salt intake, wearing compression stockings, and avoiding prolonged standing can help increase blood pressure. Certain medications prescribed by doctors can increase blood volume or constrict blood vessels. If low blood pressure is due to an underlying medical condition, a doctor will consider treatment for that condition.

Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron due to anemia, can also cause low blood pressure. It's important to eat a varied diet, have regular meals, and avoid alcohol, which can lead to dehydration, interact with medications, and cause low blood pressure. Regular health checkups are recommended to prevent complications. If you experience persistent or concerning symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.

Le Nguyen (*Hindustan Times*)