Answer:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway condition that causes narrowed airways and shortness of breath. COPD impacts overall health, limits activity, and prevents participation in strenuous tasks.

There is a link between COPD and being overweight or obese. Excess fat accumulating in the abdomen and chest compresses the diaphragm, reducing lung capacity. During physical activity, the body requires more oxygen to meet energy demands. However, already damaged lungs cannot fully expand, leading to increased breathlessness.

Simple activities like walking and climbing stairs become challenging. In the long term, excess weight in COPD patients leads to increased lung pressure and strain on the heart. The heart has to pump harder to supply oxygen to the body when breathing is inefficient, leading to a higher risk of heart failure, and more frequent and severe acute episodes. Chronic oxygen deficiency slows down metabolism, making weight loss difficult.

A doctor provides scientific weight loss advice to a person with COPD. Illustrative photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Overweight individuals should not resort to extreme weight loss methods, as these can lead to nutritional deficiencies. When the body lacks energy, muscle mass decreases, respiratory muscles weaken, and it becomes harder to clear phlegm. This results in shortness of breath, fluid buildup in the lungs, and prolonged fatigue. Cardiac and skeletal muscle function are also affected. Obese individuals with nutritional deficiencies, as well as those who are generally malnourished, experience a weakened immune system, making them more susceptible to respiratory infections. This increases the risk of hospitalization and accelerates the progression of COPD.

The solution for COPD patients is a balanced, nutrient-rich diet that provides sufficient energy. The diet should include high-quality protein to rebuild muscle and improve respiratory muscle function. Foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats are also essential to boost resistance and reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Patients should limit salt intake, as sodium can cause water retention, exacerbating breathing difficulties.

Nutrition should be combined with a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Breathing exercises, respiratory muscle training, and moderate physical activity can help patients improve endurance and reduce breathlessness during daily activities. COPD patients need regular checkups to monitor their condition and receive advice on weight management.

According to MSc. Dr. Dao Phuong Thuy

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi