In a healthy venous system, one-way valves ensure blood flows from the legs back to the heart. However, if these valves weaken or sustain damage, blood can reflux and accumulate in the legs. This increases pressure within the veins, leading to their dilation.

Varicose veins typically manifest as visible, winding veins beneath the skin, or a sensation of heavy, aching, itchy, or swollen ankles. These symptoms are often more pronounced after long periods of standing or sitting, and towards the end of the day. Without treatment, the condition can progress, leading to skin discoloration, dermatitis, and leg ulcers.

Frequent running, even participating in community races, does not directly cause varicose veins. The risk of varicose veins is instead linked to factors such as age, family history, pregnancy, being overweight or obese, and occupations that require prolonged standing. Therefore, individuals should not worry or stop exercising due to fear of developing the condition.

Running promotes healthy venous circulation. As calf muscles contract during a run, they exert pressure on deep veins, aiding the return of blood from the legs to the heart. This makes appropriate physical activity beneficial for venous health. For those with chronic venous disease, consistent exercise and improved calf muscle function can help manage symptoms. However, exercise cannot repair damaged venous valves.

Frequent running is not a direct cause of varicose veins. Photo: Ly Nguyen

Individuals should exercise at an intensity and distance appropriate for their fitness level, gradually increasing their training volume. Adequate rest is crucial to avoid overexertion, especially if the body shows unusual signs. Adults are recommended to engage in at least 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity weekly, which can include running, or 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity. New runners can begin with brisk walking, alternating with slow running, and progressively increase intensity as their body adapts.

Individuals with varicose veins do not necessarily need to stop running, provided they experience no symptoms or complications that restrict movement. Those affected should run at a pace and distance that does not significantly increase leg pain, heaviness, or swelling. If symptoms emerge or persist after running, it is advisable to reduce intensity, shorten the distance, and consult a doctor. Patients with severe varicose veins or complications should undergo a medical evaluation to determine suitable activity levels. If one leg suddenly develops swelling, pain, warmth, or redness, seek emergency medical care immediately to rule out deep vein thrombosis.

Varicose vein treatment methods vary based on the disease's severity and individual symptoms. Patients should undergo an examination and Doppler ultrasound, when indicated, to assess the extent of blood reflux. This evaluation guides the selection of the most appropriate treatment.

For mild cases, patients may receive guidance on maintaining appropriate physical activity, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, elevating their legs during rest, and managing their weight. Compression stockings can be prescribed to alleviate pain, leg heaviness, or swelling, though the correct compression level requires medical consultation. If dilated veins cause persistent symptoms or the condition progresses, doctors may consider interventional procedures such as endovenous thermal ablation (using laser or radiofrequency) or non-thermal methods like cyanoacrylate glue embolization.

Master of Science, Doctor Nguyen Thi Tuyet

Cardiology Center

Tam Anh General Hospital Ha Noi