Psoriasis, an autoimmune condition, can trigger widespread inflammation throughout the body. While characterized by thick, itchy, scaly patches on the skin, it can also affect other organs and tissues. This inflammation can impact hormones and glands related to reproduction, potentially reducing male fertility if left untreated.

A 2017 Italian study examined testicular function in 100 men aged 18-55, 50 of whom had psoriasis. Compared to the control group, those with psoriasis showed significantly lower levels of both testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Low testosterone can lead to decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. SHBG is a protein that regulates the amount of testosterone the body can use.

The study also noted a significant decrease in sperm count and motility in those with psoriasis. Ultrasounds revealed inflammation of the accessory sex glands in 35 of the 50 participants with psoriasis, while none in the control group experienced this inflammation. The male accessory sex glands, which include the seminal vesicles and prostate gland, contribute to sperm quality and motility.

Participants with psoriasis also had higher levels of estradiol, a form of estrogen. While moderate estradiol levels in men play a vital role in libido and sexual function, high levels can negatively impact sexual function.

Other research indicates that oxidative stress contributes to psoriasis. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, can lead to chronic inflammation. Both inflammation and oxidative stress can damage sperm DNA, reducing fertility. Psychological stress is another link between the two conditions. It's a common trigger for psoriasis, and evidence suggests chronic stress can also impair sperm production and maturation.

Research on whether psoriasis affects female fertility is currently lacking. According to the UK's Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Alliance, the condition doesn't affect a woman's ability to conceive. However, some psoriasis medications may be unsuitable during pregnancy or when trying to conceive. Patients may need to wait a certain period after stopping medication before conceiving, allowing the body time to eliminate the drug before fetal development.

Both men and women should discuss the potential side effects of psoriasis treatments on fertility with their doctor. Untreated psoriasis can progress to more severe forms, such as erythrodermic psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, causing pain, swelling, joint stiffness, and permanent joint deformities. Patients are also at greater risk for diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular problems.

Managing psoriasis can help reduce overall inflammation and its impact on fertility. Individuals with psoriasis should seek early and proper diagnosis and treatment to control inflammation and prevent more serious health complications beyond skin issues. While there's no cure, the disease can be effectively managed through a combination of self-care measures, medication, and UV light therapy.

Patients should adopt an anti-inflammatory diet, limit alcohol consumption, quit smoking or avoid secondhand smoke, exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight. Stress management techniques like meditation and yoga can also be beneficial.

Anh Ngoc (Theo Medical News Today)