Human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises approximately 200 different types, with about 40 types causing diseases in the genital and anal regions. This virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, found in semen, vaginal fluid, and on surrounding skin and mucous membranes. During sexual activity, the virus adheres to mucous membranes or directly exposed skin in the genital organs, anus, and even the mouth and throat.

Given your girlfriend's HPV infection, you may have been exposed to the virus. However, not everyone infected with HPV develops symptoms, as the immune system can clear the virus over time. If the virus is not naturally eliminated and persists, it can lead to cellular changes, resulting in genital warts and cancer.

HPV can be cleared and re-acquired; vaccination helps prevent virus strains that cause genital warts and various cancers in both sexes. *Vecteezy*.

You should not be overly concerned, but it is important to discuss this openly with your girlfriend, seek a medical examination together, and follow your doctor's advice. Monitor your body for any unusual signs, such as genital warts, small lesions, pain, burning, or discomfort during intercourse. If these symptoms appear, seek early medical consultation for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Regarding routine HPV screening for men, there are currently no official recommendations. If HPV infection is suspected, samples can be taken directly from any lesions or urethral fluid can be collected for virus DNA testing if no visible lesions are present. Additionally, avoid sharing personal items with infected individuals, engage in regular physical activity, maintain a balanced diet, and limit alcohol and tobacco consumption.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HPV vaccines as an effective preventive measure. Vietnam currently offers hai types of HPV vaccines. Gardasil protects against 4 types: 6, 11, 16, and 18, and is indicated for girls and women aged 9-26. The newer generation vaccine, Gardasil 9, protects against 9 types: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. It is indicated for both males and females aged 9-45, offering over a 90% protection rate. As a 23-year-old male, you should complete the full ba-dose Gardasil 9 vaccination course for effective infection prevention.

Master of Science, Doctor Nguyen Van Quang

Medical Manager, VNVC Vaccination System

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