Poor diet is a major contributor to malnourished obesity. An unbalanced diet high in calories, sugar, and unhealthy fats, combined with a lack of micronutrients, can lead to weight gain and obesity while simultaneously causing nutritional deficiencies. Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Malnutrition can also cause infections, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating in school.

Parents should ensure their children have a healthy and balanced diet that includes adequate protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. Prioritize nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, fish, chicken, and nuts. Limit processed foods and those high in added sugars, as they can lead to unhealthy weight gain and nutrient deficiencies.

Avoid using food as a reward or punishment. Over time, this can lead to emotional eating or using food to cope with stress. Regularly monitor children's height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) to track their growth and development.

Certain medical conditions can also contribute to malnourished obesity. Conditions like hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can affect metabolism, fat storage, and nutrient absorption. Children with these conditions may appear overweight but often lack essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin D, calcium, iron, and zinc, which can lead to anemia. If a child exhibits symptoms like excessive crying, restless sleep, or night sweats, seek medical advice promptly.

Lack of physical activity prevents the burning of excess calories, which are then stored as fat. Exercise helps children maintain a healthy weight and promotes proper growth. Encourage children to play outdoors and participate in various physical activities to stay active and healthy.

Adequate sleep is also crucial. Lack of sleep can negatively impact appetite and metabolism. Infants aged 0-3 months should sleep 14-17 hours, while children aged 6-13 months need 9-11 hours of sleep for optimal physical development.

Le Nguyen (Hindustan Times)