The kidneys play a vital role in removing waste and excess water from the blood while retaining essential proteins. In individuals with nephrotic syndrome, this filtering function is impaired, causing essential proteins to be lost through urine. The condition leads to swelling, lipid disorders, and malnutrition, which, if prolonged, can cause chronic kidney disease.

Diet plays a crucial role in replenishing lost nutrients and supporting kidney function. Do Thi Lan, a nutritionist at Tam Anh General Hospital in Hanoi, recommends prioritizing certain food groups for individuals with nephrotic syndrome.

Protein-rich foods

Patients can consume approximately 1-1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily. However, the actual amount varies based on individual needs, specific conditions, and doctor's recommendations. Prioritize easily digestible, nutrient-rich proteins like lean meats (skinless chicken, fish, lean beef), and eggs (egg whites are rich in albumin). This diet helps maintain muscle mass and replenishes protein without overloading the kidneys.

Milk and dairy products (fresh milk, unsweetened low-fat yogurt) are also excellent sources of protein, compensating for protein loss. However, they contain relatively high levels of potassium and phosphorus, so consumption should be guided by a physician.

Complex carbohydrates and starches

Good choices include white rice, sweet potatoes, potatoes, cassava, and arrowroot vermicelli. In cases where fiber and potassium intake needs to be controlled, white bread is preferred over whole-wheat bread.

Fruits and vegetables

Vitamins and minerals support metabolism, maintain blood filtration, and effectively eliminate toxins. However, individuals with nephrotic syndrome need to carefully monitor their intake of salt (sodium), potassium, and phosphorus to avoid kidney and heart complications. Limit potassium-rich fruits and vegetables like bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and potatoes (unless soaked and boiled thoroughly). Prioritize options like apples, pears, grapes, cucumbers, lettuce, and asparagus, following a doctor's specific instructions.

Individuals with nephrotic syndrome should eat a variety of proteins from fish, shrimp, and the vitamins and minerals found in fruits and vegetables. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Individuals with nephrotic syndrome should eat a variety of proteins from fish, shrimp, and the vitamins and minerals found in fruits and vegetables. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Unsaturated fats

Choose unsaturated fats from vegetable oils like olive oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil. Nuts like almonds and walnuts can also be consumed in moderation. Salmon and tuna are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, providing energy while reducing inflammation and promoting heart health. Limit foods high in cholesterol, such as organ meats, butter, and lard.

Salt restriction

A typical symptom of nephrotic syndrome is swelling. Limit salt intake, as sodium retains water in the body, exacerbating swelling, causing discomfort, and potentially affecting cardiovascular and respiratory function.

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Individuals with nephrotic syndrome have a high risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to the disease process or treatment. Fluid balance helps maintain stable hemodynamics, kidney function, metabolism, and recovery. Daily water intake depends on the degree of swelling, weather, urine output, and fluid loss through other routes (fever, vomiting, diarrhea).

Anh Kiet