Varicose veins, which appear as prominent, spider-web-like veins on the legs, affect aesthetics and are a potential symptom of underlying circulatory problems. Early recognition of these signs can help prevent complications.

Itching, skin discoloration

Varicose veins can be accompanied by itching, a burning sensation, or tingling. Blood pooling and the breakdown of red blood cells cause the skin over the affected veins to turn brown or red. If left untreated, the condition can worsen, leading to more severe changes on the skin's surface.

Night leg cramps

Many individuals with varicose veins frequently experience night cramps and a restless legs sensation. Poor venous circulation and increased venous pressure irritate nerves and muscles, disrupting sleep. This affects the patient's mental well-being and overall quality of life.

Prominent, bulging, twisted veins

The most obvious sign of the condition is the appearance of prominent, cord-like, blue or purple veins visible through the skin. Superficial veins develop when vein walls weaken and the valves, designed to prevent backflow, become damaged, leading to blood accumulation in that area of the body.

Heavy, tired legs

A feeling of heaviness, fatigue, and aching in the legs is common, particularly after prolonged standing or sitting. Increased venous pressure and abnormal circulation cause blood to pool instead of returning to the heart quickly and efficiently. Consequently, the tissues in the patient's legs become stiff, causing discomfort.

Swelling in the legs or ankles

A common early sign of venous insufficiency is swelling around the ankles, feet, or lower legs. When veins are overloaded, some fluid can leak into surrounding tissues, causing chronic swelling. Over time, if uncontrolled, this swelling can lead to skin changes, discomfort, or ulcers.

Varicose veins result from venous valve dysfunction. Healthy veins have one-way valves that help propel blood toward the heart and prevent backflow. When these valves weaken due to age, genetics, or prolonged pressure, blood pools in the veins, causing them to twist, bulge, and swell. Other risk factors include: family history, obesity, prolonged sitting or standing, pregnancy, and hormonal changes.

To prevent the condition, individuals should regularly change their posture, consider using medical compression stockings, and elevate their legs when resting.

Le Nguyen (According to Times of India)