According to BBC, this nasal spray vaccine features components that mimic how immune cells communicate. The vaccine keeps white blood cells in the lungs, known as macrophages, in an "alert" state, ready to react to any pathogen.

Currently, the vaccine is undergoing animal trials. Initial results indicate its protective effect lasts about three months, reducing the viral load entering the body by 100 to 1,000 times. For viruses that successfully penetrate, the immune system quickly eliminates them. The vaccine also demonstrates protection against staphylococcus aureus and acinetobacter baumannii bacteria, which cause severe hospital infections.

Illustration of the vaccine research process. *Photo: Vecteezy*.

According to professor Bali Pulendran, a microbiology and immunology specialist at Stanford, the vaccine can generate a broader response, protecting the body against various diseases beyond flu, such as the common cold, other viruses, and bacteria. Additionally, the vaccine helps reduce reactions to allergens like house dust, alleviating allergic asthma.

The vaccine research was published in *Science* journal on 19/2. Experts consider this vaccine a "major step" in preventive medicine, helping to reduce diseases that pose a significant burden on communities. This is because many existing vaccines only target one disease, for instance, a single measles shot or a chickenpox vaccine. This vaccination method has been in use since Edward Jenner in the late 18th century.

Van Ha