Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves fat accumulation in the liver of individuals who consume little to no alcohol. The condition often progresses silently, showing no distinct symptoms in its early stages. Without timely detection and management, some cases can advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and heighten the risk of severe liver complications. The following signs may indicate early onset:

Persistent fatigue and weakness

Persistent fatigue is a symptom associated with NAFLD. This non-specific symptom is often overlooked because various factors can cause it. Individuals experiencing persistent fatigue alongside risk factors such as being overweight, having dyslipidemia, or elevated liver enzymes should seek medical evaluation and guidance.

Discomfort and pain in the right abdominal area

Pain or discomfort in the right upper abdomen may occur with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The pain is typically dull, often mistaken for indigestion or muscle strain. This symptom can indicate mild liver enlargement or inflammation as the disease advances.

Skin changes

Darkened, thickened skin patches on the neck or armpits can signal insulin resistance, a common risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nausea and loss of appetite

Nausea or loss of appetite may appear as liver damage progresses, although these are not common early symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. When the liver becomes inflamed or its function declines, metabolic and digestive processes can be affected, leading to unexplained discomfort or nausea.

Elevated liver enzymes

Non-alcoholic liver damage often presents without symptoms in its early stages. However, specific blood tests can detect elevated liver enzymes.

If non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remains uncontrolled, some cases can progress to cirrhosis, increasing the risk of dangerous complications. Signs of cirrhosis include: yellow skin, intense itching, bleeding, and difficulty concentrating. Patients may also experience fluid accumulation in their legs and abdomen, leading to swelling.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can affect anyone. However, individuals at higher risk include: those who are overweight, have type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or are over 50 years old.

By Le Nguyen (Sources: Times of India, Healthshots)