Liver cancer can stem from various factors, including chronic infections, liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infections, cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, or genetic abnormalities. A family history of liver cancer increases the risk for relatives. However, genetic predisposition represents only a small fraction of the overall risk factors.

Certain genetic mutations are linked to liver cancer development. Abnormalities in these genes can disrupt cell growth control, leading to the formation of malignant tumors.

Doctor Diep examines a patient. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

APC gene: APC mutations lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. This increases the risk of various cancers, including liver cancer, particularly in individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome.

HNF1A gene: HNF1A mutations are associated with the formation and development of liver adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This gene also links to metabolic conditions, such as diabetes, that elevate liver cancer risk.

AXIN2 gene: AXIN2 mutations disrupt Wnt signaling, a critical mechanism in cell division and differentiation. This disruption facilitates the formation and progression of malignant liver tumors.

Additionally, genes such as TP53, CTNNB1, and TERT are also linked to an increased risk of liver cancer.

Currently, genetic testing is not a routine screening for liver cancer. In specific cases, a doctor may recommend gene testing to aid in risk assessment and guide appropriate follow-up care.

Given your family history of liver cancer, you should consult an oncology specialist. Focus on regular screenings and managing risk factors like viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease, rather than pursuing genetic testing independently.

Doctor Kim Thi Be Diep

Department of Medical Oncology

Oncology Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City